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From: Takeshi Yoshino <tyoshino@google.com>
Date: Thu, 6 Dec 2012 16:34:49 +0900
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Cc: hybi@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [hybi] Websocket over TLS keep-alive overhead
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On Fri, Nov 30, 2012 at 3:42 AM, Roberto Peon <fenix@google.com> wrote:

> ++
> On Nov 29, 2012 2:11 AM, "Jamie Lokier" <jamie@shareable.org> wrote:
>
snip

>  It might make sense if TLS could transmit its own, much shorter,
>> keepalive messages, which are for the sole purpose of keeping the link
>> alive.  I would guess, since they have no other effect, that they
>> wouldn't be exploitable in the same way.  Is that right?
>>
>>
There might be some nop available at TLS level, but I'm not sure. I heard
that old attempt (0/n record splitting) to address ancestor of the BEAST
attack faced a problem that some of existing NWs can't handle empty record
correctly.

How about allowing the API to invoke TCP layer keepalive (null TCP packet)
instead of nop TLS record?

I found similar discussion in these threads for
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6520.
- http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/tls/current/msg07986.html
- http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/tls/current/msg07987.html


>  It would be best if they could be invoked from the higher layer rather
>> than generated in TLS itself (because the higher layer will have a
>> better idea of the keepalive patterns that it needs), and if they were
>> one-way keepalives rather than PING/PONG to avoid amplification
>> attacks, and because PING/PONG is not the most efficient keepalive
>> pattern.
>>
>> Is there provision in TLS for that sort of thing now?
>>
>> (Of course over mobile links, it would make much more sense for power
>> efficiency to have a single, aggregated keepalive stream for all
>> sockets rather than one per active websocket, or some other way of
>> taking advantage of the phone's existing mobile link-level keepalives
>> which it already does and are designed for efficiency.)
>>
>>

--047d7bdc7a9a868f2904d02a2304
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
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<div style=3D"font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10pt"><div c=
lass=3D"gmail_quote">On Fri, Nov 30, 2012 at 3:42 AM, Roberto Peon <span di=
r=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:fenix@google.com" target=3D"_blank">fenix@g=
oogle.com</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br>

<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><p dir=3D"ltr">++</p>
<div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div><div class=3D"h5">On Nov 29, 2012 2:11 AM, =
&quot;Jamie Lokier&quot; &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:jamie@shareable.org" target=
=3D"_blank">jamie@shareable.org</a>&gt; wrote:</div></div></div></blockquot=
e><div>

snip=A0</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;b=
order-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><blo=
ckquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #c=
cc solid;padding-left:1ex">

<div><div class=3D"h5">
It might make sense if TLS could transmit its own, much shorter,<br>
keepalive messages, which are for the sole purpose of keeping the link<br>
alive. =A0I would guess, since they have no other effect, that they<br>
wouldn&#39;t be exploitable in the same way. =A0Is that right?<br>
<br></div></div></blockquote></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>There m=
ight be some nop available at TLS level, but I&#39;m not sure. I heard that=
 old attempt (0/n record splitting) to address ancestor of the BEAST attack=
 faced a problem that some of existing NWs can&#39;t handle empty record co=
rrectly.</div>

<div><br></div><div>How about allowing the API to invoke TCP layer keepaliv=
e (null TCP packet) instead of nop TLS record?</div><div><br></div><div>I f=
ound similar discussion in these threads for=A0<a href=3D"http://tools.ietf=
.org/html/rfc6520">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6520</a>.</div>

<div>-=A0<a href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/tls/current/msg079=
86.html">http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/tls/current/msg07986.html</a>=
</div><div>-=A0<a href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/tls/current/=
msg07987.html">http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/tls/current/msg07987.ht=
ml</a></div>

<div>=A0</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;=
border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><bl=
ockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #=
ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">

<div><div class=3D"h5">
It would be best if they could be invoked from the higher layer rather<br>
than generated in TLS itself (because the higher layer will have a<br>
better idea of the keepalive patterns that it needs), and if they were<br>
one-way keepalives rather than PING/PONG to avoid amplification<br>
attacks, and because PING/PONG is not the most efficient keepalive<br>
pattern.<br>
<br>
Is there provision in TLS for that sort of thing now?<br>
<br>
(Of course over mobile links, it would make much more sense for power<br>
efficiency to have a single, aggregated keepalive stream for all<br>
sockets rather than one per active websocket, or some other way of<br>
taking advantage of the phone&#39;s existing mobile link-level keepalives<b=
r>
which it already does and are designed for efficiency.)<br><br></div></div>=
</blockquote></div></blockquote></div></div>

--047d7bdc7a9a868f2904d02a2304--

From Markus.Isomaki@nokia.com  Fri Dec  7 01:40:43 2012
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From: <Markus.Isomaki@nokia.com>
To: <jamie@shareable.org>, <tyoshino@google.com>
Thread-Topic: [hybi] Websocket over TLS keep-alive overhead
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Cc: hybi@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [hybi] Websocket over TLS keep-alive overhead
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Hi,

Yes, these are all very good points. Just one comment.

Jamie Lokier wrote:
>
>(Of course over mobile links, it would make much more sense for power
>efficiency to have a single, aggregated keepalive stream for all sockets r=
ather
>than one per active websocket, or some other way of taking advantage of th=
e
>phone's existing mobile link-level keepalives which it already does and ar=
e
>designed for efficiency.)

Yes, aggregation is very important. If the keep-alive streams are independe=
nt, power consumption is typically also multiplied. But I'm not sure what t=
ype of "link-level" keep-alives you are thinking about. In both cellular an=
d Wi-Fi links there is some messaging/paging going on, but that is typicall=
y in the timescale of hundreds of milliseconds. So, it's not relevant to TC=
P or websocket level keep-alives. However, synchronizing keep-alives with a=
ny other IP traffic the device sends/receives is useful.

Markus

>-----Original Message-----
>From: hybi-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:hybi-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
>ext Jamie Lokier
>Sent: 29 November, 2012 12:11
>To: Takeshi Yoshino
>Cc: hybi@ietf.org
>Subject: Re: [hybi] Websocket over TLS keep-alive overhead
>
>Takeshi Yoshino wrote:
>>    Hi,
>>    Chromium is using 1/n-1 record splitting for TLS 1.0 connection w/ CB=
C
>>    mode cipher to work around BEAST exploit. So, even a WebSocket frame
>>    with 1 octet payload (client -> server, 7 octets in total. AES block
>>    size (16) * 2 - SHA1 HMAC size (20) - padding length field size (1) >
>>    7, so 1 application data record with 32 octets payload is enough) wil=
l
>>    be packed into two TLS records with big padding.
>>    re: TLS compression, it's disabled on Chromium to address another
>>    exploit called CRIME.
>
>It might make sense if TLS could transmit its own, much shorter, keepalive
>messages, which are for the sole purpose of keeping the link alive.  I wou=
ld
>guess, since they have no other effect, that they wouldn't be exploitable =
in
>the same way.  Is that right?
>
>It would be best if they could be invoked from the higher layer rather tha=
n
>generated in TLS itself (because the higher layer will have a better idea =
of the
>keepalive patterns that it needs), and if they were one-way keepalives rat=
her
>than PING/PONG to avoid amplification attacks, and because PING/PONG is
>not the most efficient keepalive pattern.
>
>Is there provision in TLS for that sort of thing now?
>
>(Of course over mobile links, it would make much more sense for power
>efficiency to have a single, aggregated keepalive stream for all sockets r=
ather
>than one per active websocket, or some other way of taking advantage of th=
e
>phone's existing mobile link-level keepalives which it already does and ar=
e
>designed for efficiency.)
>
>-- Jamie
>_______________________________________________
>hybi mailing list
>hybi@ietf.org
>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/hybi

From jamie@shareable.org  Mon Dec 10 01:52:20 2012
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From: Jamie Lokier <jamie@shareable.org>
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Markus.Isomaki@nokia.com wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> Yes, these are all very good points. Just one comment.
> 
> Jamie Lokier wrote:
> >
> >(Of course over mobile links, it would make much more sense for power
> >efficiency to have a single, aggregated keepalive stream for all sockets rather
> >than one per active websocket, or some other way of taking advantage of the
> >phone's existing mobile link-level keepalives which it already does and are
> >designed for efficiency.)
> 

> Yes, aggregation is very important. If the keep-alive streams are
> independent, power consumption is typically also multiplied. But I'm
> not sure what type of "link-level" keep-alives you are thinking
> about. In both cellular and Wi-Fi links there is some
> messaging/paging going on, but that is typically in the timescale of
> hundreds of milliseconds. So, it's not relevant to TCP or websocket
> level keep-alives. 

Hi Markus,

It's the difference in timescale which makes it work.  A longer
keepalive at a higher layer in the stack can be piggybacked
efficiently ("free") on a shorter keepalive at a lower layer in the
stack.

(It can also make the keepalive even more effective than the usual "1
per minute" approach at application level, guaranteeing more rapid
notification to the application of when the link is lost, or more up
to date confirmation the link is still live so synchronised state is
still valid.)

This works for mobile, wireless, and wired links.  I don't know
details but suspect it's particularly effective in terms of mobile
power usage.

WebSocket/TLS level keepalive power can be *eliminated entirely*
(saving maximum possible power) if a protocol extension allows the
handset and mobile network to recognise them and, using an
intermediary-permitted transformation to the message stream, the
mobile network sends keepalives to the WS server as long as the
network has link-level confirmation of the handset presence, and the
handset sends keepalives to the WS client application as long as the
handset has link-level confirmation of the network's presence.

That can't happen as long as the keepalives are generated by the
applications in an application-specific way.

And it isn't safe to do it on the existing ping/pong messages, because
it does change the nature of the end-to-end guarantees, suitable for
some applications but not all, so it needs to be opt in by application.

And it can't be done with WS over TLS, unless there is a recognisable
TLS-level message the intermediary is able to transform.

Aside from link-level power savings, a very similar possibility
applies aggregating multiple keepalive streams from different
Javascript applications within a single browser, and different
keepalive streams from different non-browser applications; and even
from different machines behind any bandwidth-limited link.

Again it needs to be opt-in because it changes the nature of the
end-to-end guarantees, and it needs messages that are recognisable and
safe to change by an intermediary.

> However, synchronizing keep-alives with any other
> IP traffic the device sends/receives is useful.

Typically there are many applications where the keepalives are 90% or
more of the total traffic, because they are just to stay "present",
while very little is really happening.

For example an application simply checking for short messages, which
you don't receive often, but are expected to show on the client when
they do.

It needs a keepalive - or repeated connections - just to receive a
message from the server when something changes.  Especially if you
want fast notification.  Yet, that might only happen once a day, and
transfer just a few bytes - about 3 packets per day.  Whereas 1
keepalive per minute over TCP is 4320 packets per day.

In such applications, using the above figures keepalive is >99.9% of
the traffic.

That overhead can be mostly eliminated, with a protocol extension that
allows smart interaction with intermediaries, and this is useful for
saving handset power, and reducing bandwidth use in all applications
where you have a lot of applications per client with similar behaviour
- few data updates, lots of presence.  Mobile handsets tend to have
both of these at the same time, increasingly as more apps want to
subscribe to notifications from their own services.

(This whole idea can be developed further by ideas such as named
liveness subscriptions, which would provide stronger end-to-end
guarantees and so be suitable for more applications.)

Best,
-- Jamie

From tyoshino@google.com  Sun Dec 16 20:28:51 2012
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From: Takeshi Yoshino <tyoshino@google.com>
Date: Mon, 17 Dec 2012 13:28:27 +0900
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--bcaec517a9c24c70c404d104d124
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1

Hi all,

Thanks for review.

Issues reported during WGLC (ended 2012/Nov/14) except for the ABNF
conflict issue are already addressed and there's -05 staged (not posted
yet.
http://www.ietf.org/staging/draft-ietf-hybi-permessage-compression-05.txt).

==== Resolved issues ====

- Syntax/rules defined in RFC 2616 are used but not referenced
-- http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/hybi/current/msg09902.html
-- FIXED: Added references
- How endpoints should handle bad values (ABNF violation, etc.) is
unspecified
-- http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/hybi/current/msg09912.html
-- FIXED: Specified (ABNF violation -> ignore, wrong extension parameter ->
ignore)
- English grammar issues
-- http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/hybi/current/msg09902.html
-- FIXED
- Add an option to suppress compression on client-to-server data
-- http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/hybi/current/msg09922.html
-- WONT FIX: Didn't receive much support/justification.

- Clarified that the condition list defining bad method descriptions is OR
list (any of them is true then bad)

==== Open issue ====

- Conflict between "method" extension parameter spec and RFC 6455
-- http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/hybi/current/msg09904.html

Possible solutions are:

a) revise RFC 6455 by replacing constraint on quoted-string from "token" to
CHAR - CTL
pros:
- human readable
cons:
- needs very strong justification to change 6455
-- existing implementations strictly conform to 6455 will "Fail" when
method parameter including space, semicolon, etc. instead of just rejecting
the extension
-- there might be any private-use extension that manipulates extensions
header assuming extension parameters conform to token after unquote

b) move the method parameter into a new separate handshake header entry
pros:
- human readable
cons:
- introduces a new header not defined in 6455

c) use hex-encoding to token-ize the method parameter string (for
compatibility, use method_hex as the extension parameter name)
pros:
- just addition of well-known simple encoding. no change outside of
Sec-WebSocket-Extensions header
cons:
- not human readable

My thought:

I think it can be considered to be a bug that the token constraint is
making extension header hard to carry structured data. But as listed above,
there're difficulties to adopt (a).

(c) sounds like the most feasible interim solution.

Thanks
Takeshi

--bcaec517a9c24c70c404d104d124
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div style=3D"font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10pt"><div>H=
i all,</div><div><br></div><div>Thanks for review.</div><div><br></div><div=
>Issues reported during WGLC (ended 2012/Nov/14) except for the ABNF confli=
ct issue are already addressed and there&#39;s -05 staged (not posted yet.=
=A0<a href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/staging/draft-ietf-hybi-permessage-compre=
ssion-05.txt">http://www.ietf.org/staging/draft-ietf-hybi-permessage-compre=
ssion-05.txt</a>).</div>

<div><br></div><div>=3D=3D=3D=3D=A0Resolved issues =3D=3D=3D=3D</div><div><=
br></div><div><div>- Syntax/rules defined in RFC 2616 are used but not refe=
renced</div><div>-- <a href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/hybi/cu=
rrent/msg09902.html">http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/hybi/current/msg0=
9902.html</a></div>

<div>-- FIXED: Added references</div><div>- How endpoints should handle bad=
 values (ABNF violation, etc.) is unspecified</div><div>-- <a href=3D"http:=
//www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/hybi/current/msg09912.html">http://www.ietf=
.org/mail-archive/web/hybi/current/msg09912.html</a></div>

<div>-- FIXED: Specified (ABNF violation -&gt; ignore, wrong extension para=
meter -&gt; ignore)</div><div>- English grammar issues</div><div>-- <a href=
=3D"http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/hybi/current/msg09902.html">http:/=
/www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/hybi/current/msg09902.html</a></div>

<div>-- FIXED</div><div>- Add an option to suppress compression on client-t=
o-server data</div><div>-- <a href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/=
hybi/current/msg09922.html">http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/hybi/curre=
nt/msg09922.html</a></div>

<div>-- WONT FIX: Didn&#39;t receive much support/justification.</div><div>=
<br></div><div>- Clarified that the condition list defining bad method desc=
riptions is OR list (any of them is true then bad)</div></div><div><br>

</div><div>=3D=3D=3D=3D Open issue =3D=3D=3D=3D</div><div><br></div><div>- =
Conflict between &quot;method&quot; extension parameter spec and RFC 6455</=
div><div><div>-- <a href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/hybi/curre=
nt/msg09904.html">http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/hybi/current/msg0990=
4.html</a></div>

<div><br></div><div>Possible solutions are:</div><div><br></div><div>a) rev=
ise=A0RFC 6455 by replacing constraint on quoted-string from &quot;token&qu=
ot; to CHAR - CTL</div><div>pros:</div><div>- human readable</div><div>cons=
:</div>

<div>- needs very strong justification to change 6455</div><div>-- existing=
 implementations strictly conform to 6455 will &quot;Fail&quot; when method=
 parameter including space, semicolon, etc. instead of just rejecting the e=
xtension</div>

<div>-- there might be any private-use extension that manipulates extension=
s header assuming extension parameters conform to token after unquote</div>=
<div><br></div>b) move the method parameter into a new separate handshake h=
eader entry</div>

<div>pros:</div><div>- human readable</div><div>cons:</div><div>- introduce=
s a new header not defined in 6455</div><div><br></div><div>c) use hex-enco=
ding to token-ize the method parameter string (for compatibility, use metho=
d_hex as the extension parameter name)</div>

<div>pros:</div><div>- just addition of well-known simple encoding. no chan=
ge outside of Sec-WebSocket-Extensions header</div><div>cons:</div><div>- n=
ot human readable</div><div><br></div><div>My thought:</div><div><br></div>

<div>I think it can be considered to be a bug that the token constraint is =
making extension header hard to carry structured data. But as listed above,=
 there&#39;re difficulties to adopt (a).</div><div><br></div><div>(c) sound=
s like the most feasible interim solution.</div>

<div><br></div><div>Thanks</div><div><div>Takeshi</div><br>
</div></div>

--bcaec517a9c24c70c404d104d124--

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From: RFC Errata System <rfc-editor@rfc-editor.org>
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Subject: [hybi] [Technical Errata Reported] RFC6455 (3432)
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The following errata report has been submitted for RFC6455,
"The WebSocket Protocol".

--------------------------------------
You may review the report below and at:
http://www.rfc-editor.org/errata_search.php?rfc=6455&eid=3432

--------------------------------------
Type: Technical
Reported by: Eric Lawrence <e_lawrence@hotmail.com>

Section: 5.7

Original Text
-------------
   o  Unmasked Ping request and masked Ping response

      *  0x89 0x05 0x48 0x65 0x6c 0x6c 0x6f (contains a body of "Hello",
         but the contents of the body are arbitrary)

      *  0x8a 0x85 0x37 0xfa 0x21 0x3d 0x7f 0x9f 0x4d 0x51 0x58
         (contains a body of "Hello", matching the body of the ping)



Corrected Text
--------------
   o  Unmasked Ping request and masked Pong response

      *  0x89 0x05 0x48 0x65 0x6c 0x6c 0x6f (contains a body of "Hello",
         but the contents of the body are arbitrary)

      *  0x8a 0x85 0x37 0xfa 0x21 0x3d 0x7f 0x9f 0x4d 0x51 0x58
         (contains a body of "Hello", matching the body of the ping)



Notes
-----
The response isn't a Ping, it's a Pong.

Instructions:
-------------
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use "Reply All" to discuss whether it should be verified or
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can log in to change the status and edit the report, if necessary. 

--------------------------------------
RFC6455 (draft-ietf-hybi-thewebsocketprotocol-17)
--------------------------------------
Title               : The WebSocket Protocol
Publication Date    : December 2011
Author(s)           : I. Fette, A. Melnikov
Category            : PROPOSED STANDARD
Source              : BiDirectional or Server-Initiated HTTP
Area                : Applications
Stream              : IETF
Verifying Party     : IESG

From wwwrun@rfc-editor.org  Thu Dec 20 16:11:48 2012
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Subject: [hybi] [Technical Errata Reported] RFC6455 (3433)
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The following errata report has been submitted for RFC6455,
"The WebSocket Protocol".

--------------------------------------
You may review the report below and at:
http://www.rfc-editor.org/errata_search.php?rfc=6455&eid=3433

--------------------------------------
Type: Technical
Reported by: Eric Lawrence <e_lawrence@hotmail.com>

Section: 11.3.2

Original Text
-------------
However, the |Sec-WebSocket-Extensions| header field MUST NOT appear more than once in an HTTP response.


Corrected Text
--------------
The |Sec-WebSocket-Extensions| header field MAY appear multiple times in an HTTP response (which is logically the same as a single |Sec-WebSocket-Extensions| header field that contains all values).


Notes
-----
Section 4.2.2 Step 5 subpart 6 (top of page 25) clearly explains that this header field may appear multiple times in the server's response: "If multiple extensions are to be used, they can all be listed in a single |Sec-WebSocket-Extensions| header field or split between multiple instances of the |Sec-WebSocket-Extensions| header field. This completes the server's handshake..."

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-------------
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can log in to change the status and edit the report, if necessary. 

--------------------------------------
RFC6455 (draft-ietf-hybi-thewebsocketprotocol-17)
--------------------------------------
Title               : The WebSocket Protocol
Publication Date    : December 2011
Author(s)           : I. Fette, A. Melnikov
Category            : PROPOSED STANDARD
Source              : BiDirectional or Server-Initiated HTTP
Area                : Applications
Stream              : IETF
Verifying Party     : IESG

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From: Takeshi Yoshino <tyoshino@google.com>
Date: Fri, 21 Dec 2012 13:41:14 +0900
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Subject: Re: [hybi] [Technical Errata Reported] RFC6455 (3433)
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+1

Both "If multiple ..." and "However, the ..." were added from
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-hybi-thewebsocketprotocol-14.

In the release note by Alexey (
http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/hybi/current/msg08863.html), it's said
> Clarified that some header fields can appear multiple times. (per WG
discussion)

This is the thread where the decision was made (multiple headers are
allowed)
http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/hybi/current/msg08690.html

I think it was just cut n' pasted but left not updated. IIRC, we didn't
have any discussion to add asymmetric constraints like this.

There were similar bug which was fixed on -15 release.
http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/hybi/current/msg09057.html


Takeshi


On Fri, Dec 21, 2012 at 9:02 AM, RFC Errata System <
rfc-editor@rfc-editor.org> wrote:

>
> The following errata report has been submitted for RFC6455,
> "The WebSocket Protocol".
>
> --------------------------------------
> You may review the report below and at:
> http://www.rfc-editor.org/errata_search.php?rfc=6455&eid=3433
>
> --------------------------------------
> Type: Technical
> Reported by: Eric Lawrence <e_lawrence@hotmail.com>
>
> Section: 11.3.2
>
> Original Text
> -------------
> However, the |Sec-WebSocket-Extensions| header field MUST NOT appear more
> than once in an HTTP response.
>
>
> Corrected Text
> --------------
> The |Sec-WebSocket-Extensions| header field MAY appear multiple times in
> an HTTP response (which is logically the same as a single
> |Sec-WebSocket-Extensions| header field that contains all values).
>
>
> Notes
> -----
> Section 4.2.2 Step 5 subpart 6 (top of page 25) clearly explains that this
> header field may appear multiple times in the server's response: "If
> multiple extensions are to be used, they can all be listed in a single
> |Sec-WebSocket-Extensions| header field or split between multiple instances
> of the |Sec-WebSocket-Extensions| header field. This completes the server's
> handshake..."
>
> Instructions:
> -------------
> This errata is currently posted as "Reported". If necessary, please
> use "Reply All" to discuss whether it should be verified or
> rejected. When a decision is reached, the verifying party (IESG)
> can log in to change the status and edit the report, if necessary.
>
> --------------------------------------
> RFC6455 (draft-ietf-hybi-thewebsocketprotocol-17)
> --------------------------------------
> Title               : The WebSocket Protocol
> Publication Date    : December 2011
> Author(s)           : I. Fette, A. Melnikov
> Category            : PROPOSED STANDARD
> Source              : BiDirectional or Server-Initiated HTTP
> Area                : Applications
> Stream              : IETF
> Verifying Party     : IESG
> _______________________________________________
> hybi mailing list
> hybi@ietf.org
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<div style=3D"font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10pt"><div d=
ir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_default" style>+1</div><div class=3D"gmail_d=
efault" style><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_default" style>Both &quot;If mu=
ltiple ...&quot; and &quot;However, the ...&quot; were added from=A0<a href=
=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-hybi-thewebsocketprotocol-14">ht=
tps://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-hybi-thewebsocketprotocol-14</a>.<br>

</div><div class=3D"gmail_default" style><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_defa=
ult" style>In the release note by Alexey (<a href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/ma=
il-archive/web/hybi/current/msg08863.html">http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive=
/web/hybi/current/msg08863.html</a>),=A0it&#39;s said</div>

<div class=3D"gmail_default" style><div class=3D"gmail_default">&gt; Clarif=
ied that some header fields can appear multiple times. (per WG discussion)<=
br></div><div style><br></div><div style><div class=3D"gmail_default">This =
is the thread where the decision was made (multiple headers are allowed)</d=
iv>

<div class=3D"gmail_default"><a href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/we=
b/hybi/current/msg08690.html">http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/hybi/cur=
rent/msg08690.html</a>=A0</div><div class=3D"gmail_default"><br></div></div=
><div style>

I think it was just cut n&#39; pasted but left not updated. IIRC, we didn&#=
39;t have any discussion to add asymmetric constraints like this.</div><div=
 style><br></div></div><div class=3D"gmail_default" style>There were simila=
r bug which was fixed on -15 release.</div>

<div class=3D"gmail_default" style><a href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/mail-arch=
ive/web/hybi/current/msg09057.html">http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/hy=
bi/current/msg09057.html</a>=A0<br></div><div class=3D"gmail_default" style=
><br>

</div></div><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br clear=3D"all"><div>Takeshi</div>
<br><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">On Fri, Dec 21, 2012 at 9:02 AM, RFC Err=
ata System <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:rfc-editor@rfc-editor.or=
g" target=3D"_blank">rfc-editor@rfc-editor.org</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br><bl=
ockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #=
ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">

<br>
The following errata report has been submitted for RFC6455,<br>
&quot;The WebSocket Protocol&quot;.<br>
<br>
--------------------------------------<br>
You may review the report below and at:<br>
<a href=3D"http://www.rfc-editor.org/errata_search.php?rfc=3D6455&amp;eid=
=3D3433" target=3D"_blank">http://www.rfc-editor.org/errata_search.php?rfc=
=3D6455&amp;eid=3D3433</a><br>
<br>
--------------------------------------<br>
Type: Technical<br>
Reported by: Eric Lawrence &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:e_lawrence@hotmail.com">e_=
lawrence@hotmail.com</a>&gt;<br>
<br>
Section: 11.3.2<br>
<br>
Original Text<br>
-------------<br>
However, the |Sec-WebSocket-Extensions| header field MUST NOT appear more t=
han once in an HTTP response.<br>
<br>
<br>
Corrected Text<br>
--------------<br>
The |Sec-WebSocket-Extensions| header field MAY appear multiple times in an=
 HTTP response (which is logically the same as a single |Sec-WebSocket-Exte=
nsions| header field that contains all values).<br>
<br>
<br>
Notes<br>
-----<br>
Section 4.2.2 Step 5 subpart 6 (top of page 25) clearly explains that this =
header field may appear multiple times in the server&#39;s response: &quot;=
If multiple extensions are to be used, they can all be listed in a single |=
Sec-WebSocket-Extensions| header field or split between multiple instances =
of the |Sec-WebSocket-Extensions| header field. This completes the server&#=
39;s handshake...&quot;<br>


<br>
Instructions:<br>
-------------<br>
This errata is currently posted as &quot;Reported&quot;. If necessary, plea=
se<br>
use &quot;Reply All&quot; to discuss whether it should be verified or<br>
rejected. When a decision is reached, the verifying party (IESG)<br>
can log in to change the status and edit the report, if necessary.<br>
<br>
--------------------------------------<br>
RFC6455 (draft-ietf-hybi-thewebsocketprotocol-17)<br>
--------------------------------------<br>
Title =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 : The WebSocket Protocol<br>
Publication Date =A0 =A0: December 2011<br>
Author(s) =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 : I. Fette, A. Melnikov<br>
Category =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0: PROPOSED STANDARD<br>
Source =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0: BiDirectional or Server-Initiated HTTP<=
br>
Area =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0: Applications<br>
Stream =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0: IETF<br>
Verifying Party =A0 =A0 : IESG<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
hybi mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:hybi@ietf.org">hybi@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/hybi" target=3D"_blank">ht=
tps://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/hybi</a><br>
</blockquote></div><br></div></div>

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Subject: Re: [hybi] [Technical Errata Reported] RFC6455 (3433)
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On 21/12/2012 04:41, Takeshi Yoshino wrote:
> +1
>
> Both "If multiple ..." and "However, the ..." were added from 
> https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-hybi-thewebsocketprotocol-14.
>
> In the release note by Alexey 
> (http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/hybi/current/msg08863.html), it's said
> > Clarified that some header fields can appear multiple times. (per WG 
> discussion)
>
> This is the thread where the decision was made (multiple headers are 
> allowed)
> http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/hybi/current/msg08690.html
>
> I think it was just cut n' pasted but left not updated. IIRC, we 
> didn't have any discussion to add asymmetric constraints like this.
>
> There were similar bug which was fixed on -15 release.
> http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/hybi/current/msg09057.html

Thanks, Takeshi. I agree that the erratum should be approved.

> Takeshi
>
>
> On Fri, Dec 21, 2012 at 9:02 AM, RFC Errata System 
> <rfc-editor@rfc-editor.org <mailto:rfc-editor@rfc-editor.org>> wrote:
>
>
>     The following errata report has been submitted for RFC6455,
>     "The WebSocket Protocol".
>
>     --------------------------------------
>     You may review the report below and at:
>     http://www.rfc-editor.org/errata_search.php?rfc=6455&eid=3433
>
>     --------------------------------------
>     Type: Technical
>     Reported by: Eric Lawrence <e_lawrence@hotmail.com
>     <mailto:e_lawrence@hotmail.com>>
>
>     Section: 11.3.2
>
>     Original Text
>     -------------
>     However, the |Sec-WebSocket-Extensions| header field MUST NOT
>     appear more than once in an HTTP response.
>
>
>     Corrected Text
>     --------------
>     The |Sec-WebSocket-Extensions| header field MAY appear multiple
>     times in an HTTP response (which is logically the same as a single
>     |Sec-WebSocket-Extensions| header field that contains all values).
>
>
>     Notes
>     -----
>     Section 4.2.2 Step 5 subpart 6 (top of page 25) clearly explains
>     that this header field may appear multiple times in the server's
>     response: "If multiple extensions are to be used, they can all be
>     listed in a single |Sec-WebSocket-Extensions| header field or
>     split between multiple instances of the |Sec-WebSocket-Extensions|
>     header field. This completes the server's handshake..."
>
>     Instructions:
>     -------------
>     This errata is currently posted as "Reported". If necessary, please
>     use "Reply All" to discuss whether it should be verified or
>     rejected. When a decision is reached, the verifying party (IESG)
>     can log in to change the status and edit the report, if necessary.
>
>     --------------------------------------
>     RFC6455 (draft-ietf-hybi-thewebsocketprotocol-17)
>     --------------------------------------
>     Title               : The WebSocket Protocol
>     Publication Date    : December 2011
>     Author(s)           : I. Fette, A. Melnikov
>     Category            : PROPOSED STANDARD
>     Source              : BiDirectional or Server-Initiated HTTP
>     Area                : Applications
>     Stream              : IETF
>     Verifying Party     : IESG
>     _______________________________________________
>     hybi mailing list
>     hybi@ietf.org <mailto:hybi@ietf.org>
>     https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/hybi
>
>



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    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 21/12/2012 04:41, Takeshi Yoshino
      wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CAH9hSJZAd-ZAvQvS1pvOx9=qwK_xpJ90O4atuj6Aqm-AckeO-g@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:
        10pt;">
        <div dir="ltr">
          <div class="gmail_default" style="">+1</div>
          <div class="gmail_default" style=""><br>
          </div>
          <div class="gmail_default" style="">Both "If multiple ..." and
            "However, the ..." were added from&nbsp;<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-hybi-thewebsocketprotocol-14">https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-hybi-thewebsocketprotocol-14</a>.<br>
          </div>
          <div class="gmail_default" style=""><br>
          </div>
          <div class="gmail_default" style="">In the release note by
            Alexey (<a moz-do-not-send="true"
              href="http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/hybi/current/msg08863.html">http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/hybi/current/msg08863.html</a>),&nbsp;it's
            said</div>
          <div class="gmail_default" style="">
            <div class="gmail_default">&gt; Clarified that some header
              fields can appear multiple times. (per WG discussion)<br>
            </div>
            <div style=""><br>
            </div>
            <div style="">
              <div class="gmail_default">This is the thread where the
                decision was made (multiple headers are allowed)</div>
              <div class="gmail_default"><a moz-do-not-send="true"
                  href="http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/hybi/current/msg08690.html">http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/hybi/current/msg08690.html</a>&nbsp;</div>
              <div class="gmail_default"><br>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div style="">
              I think it was just cut n' pasted but left not updated.
              IIRC, we didn't have any discussion to add asymmetric
              constraints like this.</div>
            <div style=""><br>
            </div>
          </div>
          <div class="gmail_default" style="">There were similar bug
            which was fixed on -15 release.</div>
          <div class="gmail_default" style=""><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/hybi/current/msg09057.html">http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/hybi/current/msg09057.html</a>
            <br>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    Thanks, Takeshi. I agree that the erratum should be approved.<br>
    <br>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CAH9hSJZAd-ZAvQvS1pvOx9=qwK_xpJ90O4atuj6Aqm-AckeO-g@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10pt">
        <div class="gmail_extra">
          <div>Takeshi</div>
          <br>
          <br>
          <div class="gmail_quote">On Fri, Dec 21, 2012 at 9:02 AM, RFC
            Errata System <span dir="ltr">&lt;<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                href="mailto:rfc-editor@rfc-editor.org" target="_blank">rfc-editor@rfc-editor.org</a>&gt;</span>
            wrote:<br>
            <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
              .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
              <br>
              The following errata report has been submitted for
              RFC6455,<br>
              "The WebSocket Protocol".<br>
              <br>
              --------------------------------------<br>
              You may review the report below and at:<br>
              <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/errata_search.php?rfc=6455&amp;eid=3433"
                target="_blank">http://www.rfc-editor.org/errata_search.php?rfc=6455&amp;eid=3433</a><br>
              <br>
              --------------------------------------<br>
              Type: Technical<br>
              Reported by: Eric Lawrence &lt;<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                href="mailto:e_lawrence@hotmail.com">e_lawrence@hotmail.com</a>&gt;<br>
              <br>
              Section: 11.3.2<br>
              <br>
              Original Text<br>
              -------------<br>
              However, the |Sec-WebSocket-Extensions| header field MUST
              NOT appear more than once in an HTTP response.<br>
              <br>
              <br>
              Corrected Text<br>
              --------------<br>
              The |Sec-WebSocket-Extensions| header field MAY appear
              multiple times in an HTTP response (which is logically the
              same as a single |Sec-WebSocket-Extensions| header field
              that contains all values).<br>
              <br>
              <br>
              Notes<br>
              -----<br>
              Section 4.2.2 Step 5 subpart 6 (top of page 25) clearly
              explains that this header field may appear multiple times
              in the server's response: "If multiple extensions are to
              be used, they can all be listed in a single
              |Sec-WebSocket-Extensions| header field or split between
              multiple instances of the |Sec-WebSocket-Extensions|
              header field. This completes the server's handshake..."<br>
              <br>
              Instructions:<br>
              -------------<br>
              This errata is currently posted as "Reported". If
              necessary, please<br>
              use "Reply All" to discuss whether it should be verified
              or<br>
              rejected. When a decision is reached, the verifying party
              (IESG)<br>
              can log in to change the status and edit the report, if
              necessary.<br>
              <br>
              --------------------------------------<br>
              RFC6455 (draft-ietf-hybi-thewebsocketprotocol-17)<br>
              --------------------------------------<br>
              Title &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; : The WebSocket Protocol<br>
              Publication Date &nbsp; &nbsp;: December 2011<br>
              Author(s) &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; : I. Fette, A. Melnikov<br>
              Category &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;: PROPOSED STANDARD<br>
              Source &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;: BiDirectional or Server-Initiated
              HTTP<br>
              Area &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;: Applications<br>
              Stream &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;: IETF<br>
              Verifying Party &nbsp; &nbsp; : IESG<br>
              _______________________________________________<br>
              hybi mailing list<br>
              <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:hybi@ietf.org">hybi@ietf.org</a><br>
              <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                href="https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/hybi"
                target="_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/hybi</a><br>
            </blockquote>
          </div>
          <br>
        </div>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    <br>
  </body>
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Cc: e_lawrence@hotmail.com, "hybi@ietf.org" <hybi@ietf.org>, Pete Resnick <presnick@qti.qualcomm.com>, "ifette+ietf@google.com" <ifette+ietf@google.com>, Gabriel Montenegro <Gabriel.Montenegro@microsoft.com>, RFC Errata System <rfc-editor@rfc-editor.org>
Subject: Re: [hybi] [Technical Errata Reported] RFC6455 (3433)
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> Thanks, Takeshi. I agree that the erratum should be approved.

And now it has been.

Barry, responsible AD
