SIDROPS J. Snijders Internet-Draft Fastly Intended status: Informational T. de Kock Expires: 7 February 2025 RIPE NCC 6 August 2024 Detecting RRDP Session Desynchronization draft-ietf-sidrops-rrdp-desynchronization-01 Abstract This document describes an approach for Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) Relying Parties to detect a particular form of RPKI Repository Delta Protocol (RRDP) session desynchronization and how to recover. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on 7 February 2025. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/ license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License. Snijders & de Kock Expires 7 February 2025 [Page 1] Internet-Draft Detecting RRDP Session Desynchronization August 2024 Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.1. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. Immutability of RRDP files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3. Detection of Desynchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3.1. Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4. Recovery after Desynchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Appendix A. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Appendix B. Implementation status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1. Introduction The Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) Repository Delta Protocol (RRDP) [RFC8182] is a one-way synchronization protocol for distributing RPKI data in the form of _differences_ (deltas) between sequential repository states. Relying Parties apply a contiguous chain of deltas to synchronize their local copy of the repository with the current state of the remote Repository Server. Delta files for any given session_id and serial number are expected to contain an immutable record of the state of the Repository Server at that given point in time, but this is not always the case. This document describes an approach for Relying Parties (RPs) to detect a particular form of RRDP session desynchronization and how to recover. 1.1. Requirements Language The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. 2. Immutability of RRDP files Section 3.1 of [RFC8182] describes how discrete publication events such as the addition, modification, or deletion of one or more repository objects _can_ be communicated as immutable files, highlighting advantages for publishers, such as the ability to pre- calculate files and make use of caching infrastructure. Snijders & de Kock Expires 7 February 2025 [Page 2] Internet-Draft Detecting RRDP Session Desynchronization August 2024 While the global RPKI is understood to present a loosely consistent view, depending on timing, updating, fetching (see Section 6 of [RFC7115]), different caches having different data for the same RRDP session at the same serial violates the principle of least astonishment. If an RRDP server over time serves differing data for a given session_id and serial number, distinct RP instances (depending on the moment they connected to the RRDP server) would end up with divergent local repositories. Comparing only the server-provided session_id and latest serial number across distinct RP instances would not bring such divergence to light. The [RFC8182] specification does allude to immutability being a property of RRDP files, but doesn't make it clear that immutability is an absolute requirement for the RRDP protocol to work well. A future update to [RFC8182] should set a hard rule to establish that the immutability of RRDP files must not be violated after publication, and that RPs should check for unexpected mutations. 3. Detection of Desynchronization Relying Parties can implement a mechanism to keep a record of the serial and hash attribute values in delta elements of the previous successful fetch of an Update Notification File. Then, after fetching a new Update Notification File, the Relying Party should compare if the serial and hash values of previously seen serials match those in the newly fetched file. If any differences are detected, this means that the Delta files were unexpectedly mutated, and the RP should proceed to Section 4. RP implementations decide on the number of Delta Files to process before switching to downloading the latest Snapshot File. The same upper bound can be used as a limit to the number of delta element serial and hash values to track. 3.1. Example This section contains two versions of an Update Notification File to demonstrate an unexpected mutation. The initial Update Notification File is as follows: Snijders & de Kock Expires 7 February 2025 [Page 3] Internet-Draft Detecting RRDP Session Desynchronization August 2024 Using its previously recorded state (Section 3.1), the RP can compare the hash values for serials 1773 and 1774. For serial 1774, compared to the earlier version of the Update Notification File, a different hash value is now listed, meaning an unexpected delta mutation occurred. Snijders & de Kock Expires 7 February 2025 [Page 4] Internet-Draft Detecting RRDP Session Desynchronization August 2024 4. Recovery after Desynchronization Following the detection of RRDP session desynchronization, the RP implementation SHOULD issue a warning and SHOULD download the latest Snapshot File and process it as described in Section 3.4.3 of [RFC8182]. 5. Security Considerations Due to the lifetime of RRDP sessions (often measured in months), desynchronization can persist for an extended period if undetected. Caches in a desynchronized state pose a risk by emitting a different set of Validated Payloads than they would otherwise emit with a consistent repository copy. Through the interaction of the desynchronization and the _failed fetch_ mechanism described in Section 6.6 of [RFC9286], Relying Parties could spuriously omit Validated Payloads or emit Validated Payloads that the Certification Authority intended to withdraw. In a desynchronized state, all bets are off. Missing Validated Payloads negatively impact the ability to validate BGP announcements using mechanisms such as those described in [RFC6811] and [I-D.ietf-sidrops-aspa-verification]. Section 6.6 of [RFC9286] advises RP implementations to continue to use cached versions of objects, but only until such time as they become stale. By detecting whether the remote Repository Server is in an inconsistent state and then immediately switching to using the latest Snapshot File, RPs increase the probability to successfully replace objects before they become stale. 6. IANA Considerations No IANA actions required. 7. References 7.1. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, . [RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, May 2017, . Snijders & de Kock Expires 7 February 2025 [Page 5] Internet-Draft Detecting RRDP Session Desynchronization August 2024 [RFC8182] Bruijnzeels, T., Muravskiy, O., Weber, B., and R. Austein, "The RPKI Repository Delta Protocol (RRDP)", RFC 8182, DOI 10.17487/RFC8182, July 2017, . 7.2. Informative References [FORT-validator] Leiva, A., "FORT validator 1.7.0", March 2024, . [I-D.ietf-sidrops-aspa-verification] Azimov, A., Bogomazov, E., Bush, R., Patel, K., Snijders, J., and K. Sriram, "BGP AS_PATH Verification Based on Autonomous System Provider Authorization (ASPA) Objects", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-sidrops-aspa- verification-18, 8 July 2024, . [RFC6811] Mohapatra, P., Scudder, J., Ward, D., Bush, R., and R. Austein, "BGP Prefix Origin Validation", RFC 6811, DOI 10.17487/RFC6811, January 2013, . [RFC7115] Bush, R., "Origin Validation Operation Based on the Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI)", BCP 185, RFC 7115, DOI 10.17487/RFC7115, January 2014, . [RFC9286] Austein, R., Huston, G., Kent, S., and M. Lepinski, "Manifests for the Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI)", RFC 9286, DOI 10.17487/RFC9286, June 2022, . [Routinator] NLNet Labs, "Routinator", . [rpki-client] Jeker, C., Snijders, J., Dzonsons, K., and T. Buehler, "rpki-client 8.5", July 2023, . [rpki-prover] Puzanov, M., "rpki-prover 0.9.0", February 2024, . Snijders & de Kock Expires 7 February 2025 [Page 6] Internet-Draft Detecting RRDP Session Desynchronization August 2024 Appendix A. Acknowledgements During the hallway track at RIPE 86, Ties de Kock shared the idea for detecting this particular form of RRDP desynchronization, after which Claudio Jeker, Job Snijders, and Theo Buehler produced an implementation based on rpki-client. Equipped with tooling to detect this particular error condition, in subsequent months it became apparent that unexpected delta mutations in the global RPKI repositories do happen from time to time. The authors wish to thank Theo Buehler, Mikhail Puzanov, Alberto Leiva, Tom Harrison, and Warren Kumari for their careful review and feedback on this document. Appendix B. Implementation status This section is to be removed before publishing as an RFC. This section records the status of known implementations of the protocol defined by this specification at the time of posting of this Internet-Draft, and is based on a proposal described in RFC 7942. The description of implementations in this section is intended to assist the IETF in its decision processes in progressing drafts to RFCs. Please note that the listing of any individual implementation here does not imply endorsement by the IETF. Furthermore, no effort has been spent to verify the information presented here that was supplied by IETF contributors. This is not intended as, and must not be construed to be, a catalog of available implementations or their features. Readers are advised to note that other implementations may exist. According to RFC 7942, "this will allow reviewers and working groups to assign due consideration to documents that have the benefit of running code, which may serve as evidence of valuable experimentation and feedback that have made the implemented protocols more mature. It is up to the individual working groups to use this information as they see fit". * OpenBSD [rpki-client] 8.5 and higher * Mikhail Puzanov's [rpki-prover] 0.9.0 and higher * FORT project's [FORT-validator] 1.7.0 and higher * NLnet Labs' [Routinator] main branch Authors' Addresses Snijders & de Kock Expires 7 February 2025 [Page 7] Internet-Draft Detecting RRDP Session Desynchronization August 2024 Job Snijders Fastly Amsterdam Netherlands Email: job@fastly.com Ties de Kock RIPE NCC Amsterdam Netherlands Email: tdekock@ripe.net Snijders & de Kock Expires 7 February 2025 [Page 8]